The Victorian Century Woman And A Victorian Woman Essay

What is the difference between a 21st century woman and a Victorian woman? Most women in the 21st century are exhilarating, lively, intelligent, passionate, and full of life, but who is to say that Victorian women were not? It is said that the typical Victorian woman must have â€Å"inherent qualities of femininity [such as:] emotion, passivity, submission, dependence, and selflessness† (Historical). Most of the Victorian women abode by these social standards and therefore could not speak their true thoughts or emotions. This is because they â€Å"were dominated by their sexuality, and were expected to fall silently into the social mold crafted by men, since they were regarded as irrational, sensitive, and dutiful† (Historical). A famous writer from that era, Charlotte Bronte, defied these social standards by creating characters and explaining, through them, her own thoughts and beliefs. The protagonist, Jane Eyre, was created to exemplify Bronte’s powerful emoti ons that would have been looked down upon in society. In Charlotte Bronte’s Victorian novel, Jane Eyre, Bronte uses constant description of fire to symbolize Jane’s emotions and her thoughts that could not have been expressed aloud. Bronte also uses fire to demonstrate the emotional aspect of Jane’s personal development throughout the novel. Overall, Bronte creates this symbol of fire to defy the social standards of typical and suppressed Victorian women by demonstrating their true passion and exuberant emotions. For oneShow MoreRelated Wilkie Collins’ The Woman In White: 19th Century Victorian femininity exposed through the accounts of multiple narrators1837 Words   |  8 PagesWilkie Collins’ The Woman In White: 19th Century Victorian femininity exposed through the accounts of multiple narrators Readers of nineteenth century British literature imagine typical Victorian women to be flighty, emotionally charged, and fully dependent on the men in their lives. One envisions a corseted woman who is a dutiful wife, pleasant entertainer, and always the model of etiquette. Wilkie Collins acknowledges this stereotype in his novel The Woman in White, but he contradicts thisRead MoreAnalysis Of Virginia Woolf s Woolf Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagestwentieth centuries, women typically only held the following positions: wifehood and motherhood. On the other hand, a man’s job was to obtain a well-rounded education and become the head of the household—the breadwinner (â€Å"Women’s History in America† 1). Having a woman obtain the same level of education as her spouse was not encouraged by Victorian society. In fact, women were still being restricted to a certain level of education (Yuzuncu 18). Virginia Woolf, a prominent twentieth century writer, wasRead MoreThe Representation of Family in Nineteenth Century English Art1338 Words   |  6 PagesNineteenth Century English Art 19th century art gives us a great insight into Victorian society and culture, its hopes, fears, likes, dislikes, its ambitions and failures and its preconceptions and contradictions (The Victorian Web, 2003) . Each picture tells a story and provides us with a great record of Victorian culture and the thoughts and pre-occupations of people throughout the 19th century. The home and the family became the centre of 19th century life and theRead More Defining the Victorian Woman Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesDefining the Victorian Woman      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Victorian Age, there existed a certain ideology of what constituted the perfect Victorian woman. In the beginning of the eighteenth century, young girls began attending schools that offered basic skills such as reading, writing, and math. Manuals of etiquette and conduct instructed young girls in manners of society and the home (Basch 3). All of this prepared a young woman for marriage, which, in the nineteenth century, was putRead MoreFemale Sexuality Within Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre1689 Words   |  7 PagesEyre sets a strong example of female sexuality in the Victorian era. The title character confronts herself with her feelings for Mr. Rochester and her growing throughout the novel. She eventually finds the courage to embrace herself as she is. Jane’s independent mind and nature contradict the grain of Victorian society. She defies historical notions of female sexuality and Victorian codes and rules on sexuality. Brontà « reimagines the Victorian notion of marriage as she emphasizes Jane’s educationRead MoreVictorian Women: A Human Sacrifice Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesIn herself the woman is nothing. The woman can only justify her presence on the earth by dedicating herself to others; through deliberate self-effacement, duty and sacrifice she will discover the identity and raison d#234;tre of which, by herself, she is deprived (Basch 5). Surrounded by such popular belief, the women of the Victorian age had to surrender their valuable possessions simply to avoid the wrath of the male dominated society. The female characters in A Dollhouse, by Henrik Ibsen,Read MoreThe Victorian And Post World War I1590 Words   |  7 Pagesdichotomy. The division between the two identities of the man and the woman permeated through the Victorian era and developed a template for prospective gender constructs. The Victorian woman, expected to preserve purity and domesticity, was portrayed with a repressed sexuality. Passive characterization supported the duty of child bearing as the female destiny and molded their identities into subordinate ones. At the turn of the 20th century in Great Britain, women began to partake in conventionally maleRead MoreWomens Rights during the Victorian Era1082 Words   |  5 PagesRights during the Victorian Era The Victorian era, spurred a momentary sequence of both women and men in search of a prosperous relationship regulated by the demanding etiquettes of the Victorian Society. If these desired qualities were not in possession, a man or woman could be labeled as ‘unsuitable’ in the positions of a husband or a wife. Women suffered mostly throughout the Victorian Era as rights were ceased and the rules and guidelines of society were placed. The Victorian Era caused the rightsRead MoreThe Story of an African Farm by Olive Schreiner812 Words   |  3 Pagessociety to equal the scope of a mans station. This facet of Schreiners best-known book is the reason that she has become famous as, a feminist who hated being a woman (Showalter, 195), and the reason that African Farm has endured as an early feminist manifesto. Like other novels written by women in the mid-to-late nineteenth century, Schreiners book attempts to expose the precarious position in society in which women of the time found themselves. Schreiner does not have a single character embodyRead MoreRole Of Women During The Victorian Era1664 Words   |  7 Pagesshaped by many movements and time periods. The Victorian Period had a huge impact on many aspects in British literature and culture. The roles of women were greatly affected during this time period. The question of what women could (or should) do attracted a lot of debate in the Victorian era. There are numerous characteristics about The Victorian Period, one of them being the transformation of Britain. From the1830’s to the 1870’s, as seen in Victorian Literature, Britain underwent changes that transformed

The Fight For Equality By James Meredith Essay - 1642 Words

Civil Rights is still as prevalent an issue today as it was fifty years ago. Civil rights is defined as â€Å"the rights of individuals to receive equal treatment and to be free from unfair treatment or discrimination in a number of settings and based on certain legally-protected characteristics (What Are Civil Rights). The fight for equality is a very tough task to accomplish. Racism (â€Å"poor treatment of or violence against people because of their race or the belief that some races of people are better than others†) has been a pressing issue in the United States for a long time now (Racism). Along the Civil Rights journey there has been many influential people that have aided toward this common goal. One of these people is James Meredith. He led an influential walk dubbed the March Against Fear. A question that can be asked is: Was the March Against Fear successful? I believe it was a successful movement because it surpassed the expectations Meredith had for the march and succeeded in the mission it set out to accomplish. James Meredith was born on June 25, 1933 in Kosciusko, Mississippi. He grew up on a farm with his nine siblings. Where he lived he was sheltered from the racism that was occurring in the United States. His first encounter of racism was when he was traveling from Chicago to Mississippi on a train. At a train stop in Memphis, Tennessee, Meredith was directed to give up his seat and to proceed to the black area of the train. In this area he would haveShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Documentary Eyes On The American Civil Rights Movement 783 Words   |  4 Pagesto attend separate schools that often lack books and supplies. The desegregation ruling in Brown vs. Board of Education mandated that African Americans receive equally educational opportunities. This gave African American hope that there will be equality and desegregation in schools. In 1957 Little Rock Central High School became the first high school to integrate base in the Brown case. Nine (9) African American students w ere accepted and scheduled to desegregate at Little Rock Central High schoolRead MoreEssay on Waiting Til the Midnight Hour1733 Words   |  7 Pagesideological views of the two great leaders: Malcolm’s militant thinking of getting justice and equality by any means necessary versus the non-violent, Gandhi-like movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King. While King is mentioned often, the book is clearly more focused on Malcolm X and his great role in moving black people from passive, non-violent methods towards more assertive methods of achieving racial justice and equality. The book provides information about Malcolm X’s history and background, which helpedRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals by the 13th, 14th, 15th, and 19th Amendments of the U.S Constitution, as the right to vote and the right to equal treatment under the law (Agnes 121). The Civil Rights Era (1954-1973) was a time of racism, discrimination, protests for equali ty, and gained momentum to overcome horrific obstacles. This time period was inspired by African-Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and any other citizen that was against what forms of discrimination there was at the time (Appleby 820). The teachingRead MoreThe American Civil Rights Movement Essays1529 Words   |  7 PagesDesegregation of the University of Mississippi James Meredith was a Civil Rights Activist, writer, political adviser, and the first African American admitted to the University of Mississippi. Originally, Merediths admission to the University of Mississippi was rescinded on the basis of his race: the University of Mississippi—at that time—was an all white institution. Because all public educational institution were ordered to desegregate, Meredith brought upon a lawsuit. The district court, predictablyRead More James Meredith and the University of Mississippi’s Integration2749 Words   |  11 Pages James Meredith and the University of Mississippi’s Integration When a person presently looks at university school systems, one never imagines the struggle to obtain such diverse campuses. With Caucasians, Asians, Latinos, and African Americans all willing and able to attend any institution, it is difficult now to envision a world where, because of one’s skin color, a person is denied university acceptance. In actuality, this world existed only fifty years ago. In a time of extreme racial discriminationRead More The Civil Rights Movement Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pages The latter part of the Civil Rights Movement was characterized by action and change as it was no longer centralized in the South or only fought for by black individuals. Rather, northerners were active in achieving black equality and the white community was campaigning for integration. Although many lost their lives in this struggle, their valiancy did not go unrewarded and soon enough African Americans were able to vote, work, study, and simply eat lunch beside white individuals. Read MoreThe Fight For Equality : The Black Power Movement1671 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The fight for equality is the war that has lasted for decades through the American history. The war has been fought by multiple ethnicities throughout history. The war created by African Power movement was slightly different; the fight was not only to have equal opportunities and rights as other citizens but also to attain the American dream. While the United States of America faced civils wars many years ago as a storm brewed that led to the emergence of the black movement that shocksRead MoreAnalysis Of The Help By Kathryn Stockett1479 Words   |  6 PagesMississippi though their eyes. Aibileen and Minny, both black women working as maids in the homes of white families. Skeeter, a white privileged white woman ahead of her time, uses her voice to project unprivileged voices to challenge civil rights, sexism, equality, and justice in the 1960’s. Skeeter Phelan, or what her mother prefers her to be called, Eugenia, is a 23 year-old living outside of Jackson, Mississippi in an old cotton plantation with her parents. Over the span of her growing years she was bulliedRead More Integration and James Baldwin Essay2365 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"separate but equal†, decided in the Plessy vs. Ferguson case in 1892, and fight for equal educational rights for whites and blacks. Even though the Supreme Court decided in favor of the Brown family in 1954, this did not mean that everyone was so eager to accept integration so readily. In fact, right away things hardly changed at all, especially at the higher levels of education. It took a man by the name of James Meredith, the first African American student at the University of Mississippi, toRead MoreBronx High School Of Science1279 Words   |  6 Pageslunch counters I thought they were a bunch of publicity hounds.† He watched as these people were knocked off stools, ketchup thrown in their hair, and sugar thrown in their eyes. After this he decided to join the Congress of Racial Equality. The Congress of Racial Equality, otherwise known as CORE, was a leading civil rights activist groups. In the early 1960s CORE started many initiatives like Freedom Rides, Freedom Summer, and the March on Washington. CORE is where Stokely Carmichael gained much

Do Aliens Exist Essay Example For Students

Do Aliens Exist Essay Just about 500 years ago people believed that the earth was still flat, 50 years ago people doubted the existence of an alien life, 5 min ago the people of earth believe that aliens existed. Many individuals around the world have reportedly been contacted by extra terrestrial beings. They allege that Earth is currently being visited by several different species of extra terrestrial. These individuals report that extra terrestrials are visiting the Earth because they are interested in observing the development of the human species. This alone is not the only reason we believe in the existence of Extraterrestrial life and UFOs. Aliens along with UFOs exist because of Government Cover-ups, The Roswell Incident, Extraterrestrial Laws and Government Projects.The United States government is actively involved in secret military projects. For national security reasons the military keeps these projects secret from the public. Some individuals believe that the US government has already discovered extra terrestrial intelligence but chooses to keep it hidden from the public. These individuals believe that the military has recovered extra terrestrial craft and bodies and may be in regular communication with an extra terrestrial intelligence. They believe that the government and the military are going to great lengths to hide extra terrestrial contact from the public. One secret the government covers up is a base known as Area 51, which could contain the truth about aliens. Area 51 is a secret US military installation which lies just outside of Las Vegas, Nevada (USA). Area 51 is one of the most secretive places on earth; so secret that it isnt on any map and the US government denies its existence. The base has long been reported to house extra terrestrial craft and alien bodies-although no one can confirm these allegations. Many individuals have reportedly seen craft leaving the base at night, which are able to accelerate at amazing speed and make rapid changes in direction-far beyond any terrestrial technology. Area 51 was build in the early 1950s by the CIA to test its top secret U-2 program. The base was built for its great year-round flying conditions, remoteness and flat lake bed on which to make runways. Ever since the U-2 program, Area 51 has been the test area for the latest technological developments in the US military. Allegedly, Area 51 is the testing ground for a new top secret hypersonic stealth aircraft project called Aurora. Area 51 does contain many secrets: but does it contain any extra terrestrial secrets? Skeptics argue that people could be mistaking a new US military secret project for extra terrestrial crafts. While, other researchers believe that the US military is flying captured extra terrestrial ships. The answers lie deep below the Nevada desert locked away for history to discover. Another Cover-up was with the CIA and they even wrote a report about there findings. The report was released on August 2, 1997 and it was called ?CIAs Role in the Study of UFOs (1947-90)? which detailed how the agency lied to the American public about UFOs. The UFO sightings were a convenient way for the CIA to divert attention away from their covert operation of secret spy planes. The admission helped reinforce some researchers belief that individuals who saw a UFO could be viewing a secret spy plane, not an alien craft. Gerald K. Haines wrote the report, he is now a historian working for the National Reconnaissance Office. US President Bill Clintons CIA director, James Woolsey ordered the report to be created after he had been questioned about the CIAs involvement with UFOs. The report explains that the both the CIA and the United States Airforce conducted the UFO cover-up. .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a , .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a .postImageUrl , .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a , .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a:hover , .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a:visited , .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a:active { border:0!important; } .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a:active , .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue7c37b1200d46ad806a662530f8d180a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare And Contrast Essay During the Cold War, both agencies hid their interest in UFOs because they feared public knowledge of the agencys interest would make the UFO problem worse. Both the CIA and the US Air Force felt the UFO problem could be used by the Soviet Union to make an attack on the United States. The report concludes that the CIA was very interested in the UFO problem until the early 1950s, but since has paid little attention to it. Over half of all UFO reports from the late 1950s through the 1960s were accounted for by manned reconnaissance flights (namely the U-2) over the United States. This led the Air Force to make misleading and deceptive statements to the public in order to allay public fears and to protect an extraordinarily sensitive national security project. While perhaps justified, this deception added fuel to the later conspiracy theories and the cover-up controversy of the 1970s(http://www.odci.gov/csi/studies/97unclas/ufo.html)?

Why did fascist parties emerge in so many European countries in the inter-war years Essay Example Essay Example

Why did fascist parties emerge in so many European countries in the inter-war years? Essay Example Paper Why did fascist parties emerge in so many European countries in the inter-war years Essay Introduction There is indeed no single reason for the rise of fascism in many of the European countries on the inter-war years period. For fascism to not merely emerge but flourish and succeed there were necessary cultural, political, social, economic and international factors which needed to exist and combine together. No single factor is of crucial importance by itself, only as it converged with other influences. It was in these particular circumstances that the emergence of fascism can be explained. After the First World War, there is no doubt that in almost all European states there were movements showing distinct fascist tendencies. With similar ideologies, they rejected the democratic ideas of parliament, and opposed the organized working class and ideas of socialism. They cried out for submission to discipline, authority and an important sense of community. These violently nationalistic movements were at first small sects; indeed some of them remained so. It was in Italy, in 1922 when the fascists seized power and after the 1929 Great Depression that in 1933 Hitler was able to establish the most brutal of fascist regimes; only in Italy and Germany did fascism have truly mass successful and powerful regimes, elsewhere they remained uninfluential movements. Culturally, the emergence of movements displaying fascist tendencies in the majority of European states in the inter-war years can be partly explained by the huge appeal and extensive ‘roots’ of fascist ideology. The fascist movements had much in common in their ideology, so much that they were indeed able to borrow from each other. Behind the stereotypical fascism defined by brutality and violence there lay a coherent body of thought, which had developed from intellectual movements from the late 19th century onwards. It resulted in a fascist ideology that was elusive, drawing from the right and from the left, which was neither capitalist nor communist, yet sought to create a radical ‘Third way.â €™ This strong body of ideas clarifies the ability of fascism to appeal to not merely violent activists, but intellectuals such as the philosophers Giovanni Gentile and Martin Heidegger. The strength of the body of ideas of fascism was crucial, for these ideas mattered: providing inspiration and shaping action. Part of the fascist ideology was the powerful myth of the nation and the race. This took the form of venerating the past: the dominant Roman Empire, the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands, and also took the form of the aim of territorial expansion in the quest for a Greater Italy or a Greater Germany. Why did fascist parties emerge in so many European countries in the inter-war years? Essay Body Paragraphs The ‘roots’ of certain ideas of fascism can be traced back to various intellectual movements from the nineteenth century. The Enlightenment ushered in an era of modernity emphasizing liberal ideology, individualism, the constitutional state and the philosophy of laissez-faire. Fascism became the antithesis of all these ideas, a backlash to the ideas of ‘modernity.’ Yet fascism was both a product and reaction to the Enlightenment, for it gave rise to the radical ideas such as the thought that violence was sometimes necessary to purge the existing order and that the will of the people could be incorporated by a mass-based form of politics. There was also the emergence of ideas of reason and rationalist thought in the sciences, with the eugenics and Darwinism highlighting the need for the state to take on the role of selection. It has been perceived that segments of the middle-classes in some countries felt acutely threatened by the major economic, social and p olitical upheavals being generated by modernization, and so retreated into the ideology of radical nationalism. The appeal of fascism was broadened with the use of their key metaphor of rebirth, it was flexible enough to appeal to different varieties of nationalism, for essentially it had the advantage of hiding whether something was essentially old or new. Fascism developed essentially in the central European areas such as Germany, Italy, Austria and Hungary, for they were most affected by these cultural and intellectual trends. Fascism had varying degrees of impact outside greater central Europe for elsewhere fascism was more successfully counter-balanced by opposing cultural influences. France was perhaps one of the most obvious areas for fascist movement to succeed, particularly as many of the concepts and intellectuals originated in France, yet in France the overall sense of crisis was less acute and other elements counterbalanced fascism. Once again, it is clear that for a fas cist movement to fully emerge and succeed all political, economic, cultural and social variables combined were vital. Politically, there are many factors which collectively give rise to the emrergence of fascism, including: the importance of national political traditions, the emergence of the ‘new’ states, divions within the present political system, the existence of the threat from the left and the necessity of efficient leadership and the existence of a fascist role model. It is crucial to study fascism within different national contexts, for national political traditions certainly played their part in molding the fascist movements that emerged. Political traditions in different nations could not only encourage but also defuse fascism. The French republican belief in Liberty, Equality and Fraternity and Britain’s emphasis on individual rights and constitutional, parliamentary government indeed failed to encourage fascism. The seventeenth century English Revolut ion was vital in consolidating parliamentary government, and the rise of Protestantism with its sense of rights and tolerance provided a foundation stone of national identity. Along with the emergence of elected local government after the 1880s, which encouraged the development of two mass political parties, Britain was not the most fertile ground for fascism to develop. Germany and Italy’s political history however, could be perceived to have encouraged Fascism. Germany had a strong Romantic tradition of nationalism, producing a longing for strong leadership and a sense of community. There was also the German tendency to define citizenship in terms of blood, which reinforced the growth of anti-Semitism. Italy was finally reunited as a state in 1870, before then she had been merely a geographical expression, yet she was still divided socially. It is clear that fascism was by all means far more successful in the comparatively new European states, formed in the 1860s and 1870s such as Italy, Germany, Austria and Hungary. These states had late-developing political systems, and had failed to achieve empire and status. It was during the period that these newly established states were making the transition to a liberal democracy, often that they had just recently made this transition. It ensured that liberal democracy in these counties was indeed unconsolidated. These sufficient conditions seemed necessary for movements of fascism to emerge and flourish. Fragmentations, divisions or polarization within a country’s political system was also a clear requirement for fascism. Fascism certainly had far less impact in countries such as Britain, France and the Low Countries, which had stable party systems and hence remained largely immune to fascism. Generally fascist movements appeared to emerge in countries where there was a real or even perceived threat from the left. In Romania, even though the communist party had been effectively suppressed there was sti ll the presence of a communist threat, for she now shared a new border with the Soviet Union and hence anti-communism remained a significant factor in Romanian political affairs. Hungary was the only country outside the Soviet Union that had been briefly ruled by a revolutionary communist regime. This exacerbated anti-communion and anti-left ideas, the sting of the communist regime still taunted Hungarian politics for the next generation. Germany was the home of possibly the strongest communist party in Europe that was outside of the Soviet Union. Communism was indeed always perceived as a serious threat by many of the Germans. These conditions helped to create an atmosphere where only a radical non-leftist movement such as fascism could appeal, rally social discontent and flourish. The authoritarian principles of fascism necessitated strong, effective leadership for it to succeed. Indeed the more successful the movement, the more important the character and strength of the leader. This factor can help to illustrate why certain fascist movements were perhaps not more successful for not all of the fascist leaders in the inter-war years period were charismatic and efficient. Ferenc Szalasi of Hungary is possibly one of the best negative examples. A strong leader was certainly a factor in determining the success of the movement. There is no debate regarding the manipulative, calculating and efficient character of Hitler, and the tremendous frenzied impact he was known to have on the crowds at mass rallies. Fascist ideology certainly played upon the myth of the leader, who was indeed venerated like a Saint, he was God-given and had super-human qualities. The impact of the existence abroad of a fascist role model should certainly not be underestimated. Foreign examples of fascism indeed encouraged the majority of movements, except for those in Germany and Italy, which provided the role model. Only in Germany in Italy did fascist movements develop entirely on their own. This perhaps also explains the further success of the movements in Germany and Italy, for not only did they develop on their own but also it ensured that the roots of their fascist movements were more deeply embedded. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did fascist parties emerge in so many European countries in the inter-war years? Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why did fascist parties emerge in so many European countries in the inter-war years? Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why did fascist parties emerge in so many European countries in the inter-war years? Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Comparison of the Individual in Freuds Civilization and Its Discontents, Bufords Among the Thugs and Weirs The Truman Show

Comparison of the Individual in Freuds Civilization and Its Discontents, Bufords Among the Thugs and Weirs The Truman Show What is exactly is an individual? Dictionary.com defines an individual as follows:in*di*vid*u*aladj.a.Marked by or expressing individuality; distinctive or individualisticb.Special; particularc.Serving to identify or set apart (Dictionary.com)According to the dictionary, an individual is unique and therefore should be able to be set apart from others without much difficulty. The question at hand now is, does civilization remove the identifying aspects of unique individuals and mesh them into one similar entity? Throughout the literary works of Bill Buford and Sigmund Freud, as well as the film directed by Peter Weir, this question is met and answered. In Civilization and Its Discontents, Freud places particular stress on the fact that the individual cannot find pure happiness when placed in a civilization because it demands different things than that of the individual. Like Freud, director Peter Weir in his film, The Truman Show depicts Truman battling to find his own unique individu ality in a staged utopian civilization.Sigmund FreudBill Buford uses his book, Among the Thugs, to demonstrate how a civilization, which in his book is mainly symbolized by a violent mob, dissolves individual identity. His work shows how a civilization of individuals can accomplish things never thought capable of being done alone. Freud's work implies that individuality poses a conflict with civilization demands and therefore civilization should be abandoned. Along with Freud, Wier focuses on Truman's struggles between his fake life and his individual dreams. Buford, writes about his struggles and pressures to join somewhat of a civilization and focuses on demonstrating the transition of an individual into an altered and somewhat forced character demanded by a surrounding society.In Civilization and Its Discontents, Freud states his views on the broad question of man's place in the world. Freud characterizes the world as an...

Nurse Practitioner vs. Registered Nurse What’s the difference

Nurse Practitioner vs. Registered Nurse What’s the difference You’ve probably heard that nursing jobs are hot right now. And it’s true. But even within the general nursing world there are tons of specialties, so it’s important to know who does what before you commit to the career path. There are emergency nurses, pediatric nurses, travel nurses, nursing assistants, etc. You name the health care specialty, there’s probably a specific type of nurse attached. But what about nursing jobs that aren’t as clear? If you’re not yet super-familiar with different kinds of nurses, you may hear â€Å"registered nurse† and â€Å"nurse practitioner† and think that the terms are interchangeable. After all, both types of nurses work with patients to monitor their health and provide direct medical care. Let’s walk through how to tell the difference between these two important nursing careers.Prescribing medicineNurse practitioners have greater flexibility when it comes to prescribing medicine and per forming duties normally handled by physicians. Licensed nurse practitioners are legally able to prescribe medications and have greater flexibility in diagnosing and treating illnesses. Registered nurses cannot prescribe medications and often work under the direction of a physician when it comes to determining patient care and follow-up.Work environmentNurse practitioners often work in more private practice-style settings like community clinics, government agencies, nonprofits, or educational settings. A nurse practitioner may take on more of a physician-style in a clinical setting. Registered nurses typically work in hospitals or surgical clinics. Because of the nature of private clinics vs. the realities of working in a hospital, nurse practitioners often have more standard hours, while registered nurses work a greater variety of shifts.Level of educationRegistered nurses usually need a bachelor’s degree in nursing to get started in the field, but nurse practitioners typical ly hold a master’s degree or higher. This makes nurse practitioner a logical next step for nurses who’ve been in the field for a while and want to take on more of an independent leadership role. But it can also mean additional investment of time and resources in an additional degree, so it’s important to consider whether becoming a nurse practitioner is truly what you want to do.SalaryBecause of the additional education and training for nurse practitioners, salaries tend to be higher for nurse practitioners than registered nurses on average. Per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, registered nurses make a median annual salary of $68,450 per year, while nurse practitioners take home a median annual salary of $100,910.If you’re thinking about a career in nursing, both nurse practitioner and registered nurse have the potential to be great, fulfilling career options. And if you’re not sure yet which one would better suit your career goals, we have a q uiz for you to help figure out your next steps. Good luck!

Nurse Practitioner vs. Registered Nurse What’s the difference

Nurse Practitioner vs. Registered Nurse What’s the difference You’ve probably heard that nursing jobs are hot right now. And it’s true. But even within the general nursing world there are tons of specialties, so it’s important to know who does what before you commit to the career path. There are emergency nurses, pediatric nurses, travel nurses, nursing assistants, etc. You name the health care specialty, there’s probably a specific type of nurse attached. But what about nursing jobs that aren’t as clear? If you’re not yet super-familiar with different kinds of nurses, you may hear â€Å"registered nurse† and â€Å"nurse practitioner† and think that the terms are interchangeable. After all, both types of nurses work with patients to monitor their health and provide direct medical care. Let’s walk through how to tell the difference between these two important nursing careers.Prescribing medicineNurse practitioners have greater flexibility when it comes to prescribing medicine and per forming duties normally handled by physicians. Licensed nurse practitioners are legally able to prescribe medications and have greater flexibility in diagnosing and treating illnesses. Registered nurses cannot prescribe medications and often work under the direction of a physician when it comes to determining patient care and follow-up.Work environmentNurse practitioners often work in more private practice-style settings like community clinics, government agencies, nonprofits, or educational settings. A nurse practitioner may take on more of a physician-style in a clinical setting. Registered nurses typically work in hospitals or surgical clinics. Because of the nature of private clinics vs. the realities of working in a hospital, nurse practitioners often have more standard hours, while registered nurses work a greater variety of shifts.Level of educationRegistered nurses usually need a bachelor’s degree in nursing to get started in the field, but nurse practitioners typical ly hold a master’s degree or higher. This makes nurse practitioner a logical next step for nurses who’ve been in the field for a while and want to take on more of an independent leadership role. But it can also mean additional investment of time and resources in an additional degree, so it’s important to consider whether becoming a nurse practitioner is truly what you want to do.SalaryBecause of the additional education and training for nurse practitioners, salaries tend to be higher for nurse practitioners than registered nurses on average. Per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, registered nurses make a median annual salary of $68,450 per year, while nurse practitioners take home a median annual salary of $100,910.If you’re thinking about a career in nursing, both nurse practitioner and registered nurse have the potential to be great, fulfilling career options. And if you’re not sure yet which one would better suit your career goals, we have a q uiz for you to help figure out your next steps. Good luck!

The sculpture of Kuoros Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The sculpture of Kuoros - Dissertation Example The first element which relates to the cultural implications of the sculpture is from the formalism that is used.   The physical properties are representative of Athens during this time frame and what was believed to be the perfect human body.   When examining the physical properties, it can be seen that proportion is consistent throughout the piece.   The lines are the first element of this.   For example, the abdominal area has a line that goes to the legs as well as the same shape that goes to the chest.   This is done to make the body completely proportionate.   This is followed by the shapes, which are proportionate as well.   The shapes of the shoulders, chest and legs are proportionate and equal on every side to create a mathematical look to the perfect body.   While there is one leg that is slightly set back, this only adds to the appearance of having the right proportions when in motion.   The main physical look uses space to create this specific balance.   The space is used between both legs and between the stomach and arm area.   These two spaces are also proportionate and have the same amount of space used for contrast within the two regions.   The light and dark that is added into this is then able to balance with the sculpture having the light and the spaces in between each area balancing this with the dark.   Each of the regions of the body creates a sense of balance and proportion with the figure. The iconography, or symbolism, is one which is presented in this sculpture as something that is greater than or more significant. The promotion of the sculpture can be linked directly to what others would want to achieve within their life. This is close to the symbol of sublimination, which consists of cultural development that created symbols as idols and role models. Physical activities, scientific idols, artistic and ideological concepts all links to the creation of an illusion of what one can achieve within a lifetime.

Medication administration via enternal tubes, a survey of nurses Essay

Medication administration via enternal tubes, a survey of nurses practices - Essay Example The report was authore by Nicole Margaret who is a PhD holder, a lecturer and administrator at Deakin University, and Ruth Endacott, a professor at Monash University. This paper seeks to analyze the nursing research article. The paper will look into benefits of ‘evidence-based’ practice in the scope of nursing profession and then review the research article. Why evidence based practice is important in nursing Evidence based practice is important to all stakeholders in the scope of nursing. Patients are one of the categories of stakeholders that enjoy the benefits of ‘evidence-based’ practice. As beneficiaries of healthcare and with the precision in diagnosis, prescriptions and recommendations that are prompted by ‘evidence-based’ practice, the patients stands to benefit from higher quality healthcare services (Polit and Beck 1. P. 34- 36). Evidence based practice also enhances patients’ confidence in the offered services based on the beli ef that the personnel are competent and would only use the practice for a good cause. Development of ‘evidence-based’ practice has also induced higher level of proficiency among nurses by keeping them informed. In order to apply the practice that is research based, the personnel have to conduct a literature review over each subject matter, a step that keeps the nurses informed of the skills and knowledge in the profession. The nurses therefore benefits from improved capacity in knowledge and skills in the profession. Healthcare organizations, operating in a competitive market in which customers are quality oriented also benefits from ‘evidence-based’ practice. The level of precision in approach to healthcare based on the practice and the associated quality makes an organization that applies evidence base practice more competitive than those that do not use the practice. Development of the practice therefore helps health organizations to be more credible com pared to their competitions. The community on the other hand benefits from better services for a healthy society (Courtney and McCutcheon, 2009, p. 5). Evidence based practice is also generally important to stakeholders in the nursing scope due to its effects of improved quality services in practice. By forming grounds for informed â€Å"decisions and actions,† evidence based practice ensures competence in administration of healthcare. It means application of most appropriate approaches to solving precisely identified problems. This has been associated with practices that â€Å"are appropriate, cost effective, and result in positive outcomes for clients† (Polit and Beck, 2008, p. 4; Houser, 2012, n.p.). Similarly, Holland and Rees applauds ‘evidence-based’ practice for effectiveness in service delivery within the nursing profession. Evidence based practice is therefore important to all stakeholders in the nursing profession. Its underlying advantage is the induced precision, efficiency and effectiveness that is associated with better utility (Holland and Rees, 2010, p. 7). The research problem as it relates to the chosen article The research problem is to investigate the article within the scope of a quantitative research approach. Features of qualitative research and analysis of the extent of application of the features in the article therefore form the basis for evaluation of the relationship between the research proble

Literary Criticism of Uncle Toms Cabin Essay Example for Free

Literary Criticism of Uncle Toms Cabin Essay Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Toms Cabin in order to persuade the readers that slavery was bad. Her Christian views led her to do this and depict her characters as every-day life as she could and not be too over dramatic about everything that happened. Her story could be interpreted as a non-fiction if the reader does not know the history of it all, because she uses a very subtle approach to get to reader through making all events in the book seem very real as if she had really seen them. Stowes relationship with the book is that the book are her thoughts through a story. Not just any thoughts, but her abolitionist views and how much she disagreed with slavery. Stowe not only uses the book as a whole to convince of slaverys evils. She uses individual characters and their journies (emotional, physical, etc.) to get into the readers head and make everything believable to the point where one thinks that the book is non-fiction.. She doesnt use a very abrupt way of getting her message across. She tells things like they are. Not all southerners are evil, and northerners arent angels either. Every scene that Stowe needs to, persuades the reader that slavery is evil and non-Christian. Uncle Tom, the protaganist of this book, is used by Stowe to introduce slaves as not being ignorant, rag-wearing, illiterate people. Tom is a pious fellow as stated by Arthur Shelby: No; I mean, really, Tom is a good, steady, sensible, pious fellow. (Pg.4). Stowe also shows that Shelby is a good man himself, by showing that he actually cared for his slaves, and didnt treat them like objects. But, you could get a bit confused by Shelby when he showcases Elizas little boy to Mr. Haley as if he were some type of circus act, Now, Jim, show this man how you can dance and sing. (Pg.5). By giving two different views of Shelby at such an arly stage of the book, one cant really get a grasp on whether or not he really has sentiment, until further on in his and Mr. Haleys conversation. Mr. Haley, on the other hand is shown to be a wanna-be higher class type of man: He was a short, thick-set man, with coarse, commonplace features, and that swaggering air of pretension which marks a low man who is trying to elbow his way upward in the world. (Pg.3). Haley also seems to be a man who is very persuasive to get what he wants, but seems to make hollow promises: Howsomever, Ill do the very best I can in gettin Tom a good berth; as to my treatin on him bad. you neednt be a grain afeard. If theres anything that I thank the Lord for, it is that Im never noways cruel. (pg.33). When the reader is first introduced to Haley, he seems to be a kind slave trader who only wants Shelby to give him slaves, because of a debt. But, he decieves the reader, and ends up being a man that mistreats his slaves often through violence. The first a reader gets to see of Haleys ill-mannered side is when he has found out that Eliza has escaped with her son Harry (the child that was to be sold to him). Haley is enfuriated and cariies himself in an awful manner: I say now, Shelby, this yers a most extrornary business! said Haley, as he abruptly entered the parlor. It seems that gals off, with her young un.' (Pg.44). Even though it might not be much to read of somebody yelling, this incident does open the door for much more disastrous occurances further in the book. Elizas escape is not the beginning. Eliza Harris plays an enormous role that makes the reader think and also sympathize. Eliza is a young, beautiful, courageous slave. But nor only is she a slave. She is a mother and wife also. Elizas biggest part in the book is when she shows the reader what maternal attachments influence a woman to do when she knows her child will be taken from her. After discovering that her son is going to be sold to a slave trader in order to pay a debt, she decides that the only reasonable thing to do is take him, and escape so she can be by her childs side and never be separated from him. She consults Tom, and he says that he will not fight the decision made by his master to be sold, but he encourages his friend to, so she will not be away from her son. Eliza leaves and heads towards the Ohio river and Haley is looking for her. But, two slaves that Mr. Shelby sends with him to guide him lead him the wrong way to stall, but somehow ended up crossing paths with her and alert her. Once this happens. one of the biggest scenes in the book is shown: The huge green fragment of ice on which she alighted pitched and creaked as her weight came on it, but she staid there not a moment. With wild cries and desperate energy she leaped to another and still another cake; stumbling-leaping-slipping-springing upwards again! Her shoes are gone-her stockings cut from her feet-while blood marked every step; but she saw nothing, felt nothing, till dimly, as in a dream, she saw the Ohio side, and a man helping her up the bank. (Pg.62). Stowe draws a vivid image through her writing of this scene, of a mothers struggle to keep sons life with her and not in the hands of anybody else. Struggle is also seen, not just for life, but for what was morally right as a Christian. Senator John Bird was one of the people who voted in favor of the Fugitive Slave Act, clearly showing that he was not about to help any type of runaway slaves. But, his wife was a very Christian woman with morality that ran through her veins, and she lived by the Bible. Her struggle was to convince her husband that slavery was wrong and he should not agree with the law passed, because the Bible says that good will to all men was a must. Mrs. Bird informs, Now, John, I dont know anything about politics, but I can read my Bible; and there I see that I must feed the hungry, clothe the naked, and comfort the desolate. (Pg.82). By this, the reader has already been influenced positively and negatively by so many of the characters that Stowe brings into this well thought out persuasive piece of art. Christianity was what influenced her, and powered her abolitionist views. It led her to take abolitionism into her own hands, and educate the country (and in hopes, the world) of how negative slavery was. Being raised in a very strict Presbyterian home, she was taught all about the value of life through the gospel. Stowes religious views were imprinted into her mind and soul, and they set a path for her. Her path was to enlighten the southerners that agreed with slavery and were cruel to the people they held captive to do their bidding. Uncle Toms Cabin was written in response to the acts passed against slavery (e.g. Fugitive Slave Act). Each page of the story contains journey, experience, growth, development, and so much more with each and every character. With her characters, she uses them as her source of persuasion of the views opposite from the southern views. Stowe doesnt come straight out and say, Slavery is evil! Dont agree with it! She is very implicit with spreading her outlook on slavery (even though it is known that she is an abolitionist). Characters such as Quakers seem to invoke Harriet Beecher Stowe as a whole, for the simple fact that they are just as she was. Quakers are religious persons that helped slaves, because the Bible said they should help anybody and everybody that needed help. All the characters talked about before, seem to also take Stowes viewpoints. Even her bad guys have her point of views too. If you think about it, all that she is against is embodied in the slave traders and evil southerners of the book. Stowe does a phenomenal job of taking all her abolitionist views and putting it on paper, and conveying her deepest hates for slavery in such a well thought work of art. Her persuasion is easily seen through her characters. They grab you, shake you, and bring tears to your eyes. Stowe seems to know how to get into peoples heads. She does it just like when you have a set of headphones on and youre listening to your favorite song, and it sticks with you forever.

Roger and Me :: essays papers

Roger and Me The film was one that utilized and demonstrated many techniques found in the genre of documentary. Michael Moore took every aspect of making a film and flawlessly executed it. The resulting product was one that was to the point and interesting. The first thing that I realized was Moore’s ability to use B role and integrate it seamlessly into the film. One example would be when he was moving home from San Diego. The story cut to a scene in a movie that was of a man coming home from the army. I remember thinking that even though this film had nothing to do with the story at hand, it was very clear as to what happened. He saved a few mins of film and got straight to the point. Various other film clips were used to tell the story. This brings me to the second point, which is Moore’s ability to hold the audiences attention. You have a film about the town of Flint, Michigan and the trouble it went through during the GM plant closings. Right now I can think of a few thousand ways a filmmaker could have taken this story, added his point of view, and bored me out of my mind. That couldn’t be any farther from the truth. I found myself drawn into the story that Michael presented. He used comedy to pick up some slower parts and good camera angles to keep my attention on the screen. As for Story and Characters Moore once again used text book accuracy and added his twist. He picked a few characters and used them through out the film. This is something that kept the audience from getting confused. I think a lot of filmmakers screw up by introducing too many characters. For example, the sheriff deputy was a main character the makes you realize the truth behind what was going on. The Deputy represented the problems and pain that GM was causing by closing the plants.

Employee Resourcing Essay

Their business approach and culture is very different from other competitors. Examples of their different culture are; no dress code, flexible working hours and spending lavishly on the recruitment process. Around 700, mostly young employees work under Trilogy and its Director of college recruiting Mr. Jeff Daniel expects the employees to â€Å"commit their expertise and vitality to everything they do†. Trilogy has an expensive and aggressive employee recruitment strategy that includes training at the company’s â€Å"Trilogy University. The new employees joined will undergo an intensive training program at their in-house training facility known as â€Å"Trilogy University†. Recruiters tend to select the ambitious, over achievers with entrepreneurial instincts from the campus recruitment method being the fresher’s in the job market. Trilogy’s recruitment interviews are said to be very intense at the same time an interview day will end with lot of ad venture and fun activities for both recruiters and interviewers, which makes a strong bond between new comers and the managers. For Trilogy recruiting is not just a high priority — it’s a company-wide mission. Its mission is to recruit the best of the best?. For that reason Trilogy uses very costly recruiting techniques: The Company spent $13,000 per hire with 262 college graduates were selected from short listed 4000 candidates, and this short listing was from 15000 applications! Q1. Identify some of the established recruiting techniques that underlie Trilogy’s unconventional approach to attracting talent? The company Trilogy, aggressively pursues the least experienced people in the job market. At many college campuses island wide, in career fairs and computer-science departments, looking for students who represent what Daniel calls â€Å"whom are expected to totally commit their expertise and vitality in everything they do†. In other words, he looks for young, talented over achievers with entrepreneurial ambition – people. The top managers, including CEO of the company, conduct the first round of  inter views, letting all applicants know that it would be hard, but rewarding experience.

Papa Johns Term Paper

Subject: Term Paper: Papa John’s Papa John’s International HISTORY OF COMPANY: Papa Johns was founded by John Schnatter. John worked at a local pizza pub in Jeffersonville, Indiana when he was in High School. While he was working there, he realized that there was something missing from the national pizza chains which was a superior-quality traditional pizza delivered right to the customer’s door. His dream was to one day open a pizza restaurant that would fill that void.In 1983, John Schnatter delivered his last campus pizza, picked up his business degree from Ball State University, and went back to Jeffersonville, Indiana. There, at age 22, he knocked down the broom closet in his father's tavern (Mick's Lounge); sold his prized 1971 Z28 Camaro, purchased $1,600 worth of used restaurant equipment, and began delivering pizzas out of the back of the bar. Papa John's opened its first pizza restaurant in 1984. (2) CORPORATE INFORMATION: Papa John’s Pizza Corpo rate Office is located at 2002 Papa John’s Boulevard, Louisville, KY 40299.Their phone number is (502)261-7272. The CEO is Nigel Travis, the COO is Jude Thompson, and the CFO is David Flanery. (1) STOCK MARKET INFORMATION: Papa John’s is under NASDAQ stock market and their symbol is PZZA. As of April 12, 2010, their Stock market price was $27. 88. Their stock prices are down -. 84. (6) COMPANY’S REPUTATION: Papa John's is the recognized quality leader of the pizza category and is the world's third largest pizza company. For nine of the last ten years, consumers have rated Papa John's No. in customer satisfaction among all national pizza chains in the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI). Papa John's also was honored by Restaurants ; Institutions Magazine (R;I) with the 2009 Gold Award for Consumers' Choice in Chains in the pizza segment. In 2006, for the third consecutive year consumers have honored Papa John's (NASDAQ: PZZA) with the top rating among nat ional pizza delivery and take-out chains in the prestigious Restaurants ; Institutions' Consumers' Choice in Chains Survey.Papa John's, which earned its best overall score ever, outdistanced the next closest national take-out and delivery chain by a record margin of almost six points. Restaurants and Institutions' 2006 Consumers' Choice in Chains Survey National Pizza Delivery and Take-Out Chains ———————————————————————- Overall Score Atmosphere Cleanliness Convenience ——————— ————- ———- ———– ———– Papa John's 52. 31% 44% 52% ——————— ————- ———- ———– à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Pizza Hut 46. 8 34 40 49 ——————— ————- ———- ———– ———– Little Caesars 44. 9 24 34 53 ——————— ————- ———- ———– ———– Domino's Pizza 43. 3 24 36 51 ———————————————————————-Food Quality Good Reputation Menu Variety Service Value ————– ———— ————— ———— ——- —– Papa John's 66% 64% 48% 50% 49% ————– ——à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ ————— ———— ——- —– Pizza Hut 58 58 46 43 40 ————– ———— ————— ———— ——- —– Little Caesars 44 42 30 37 69 ————– ———— ————— ———— ——- —– Domino's Pizza 47 50 37 43 46 ———————————————————————- †¢For nine consecutive years (1999 – 2008), Papa John's has been rated number one n customer satisfaction among all national pizza chains in the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) released by the National Quality R esearch Center at the University of Michigan Business School. †¢Top rated national pizza delivery and take-out chain in Restaurants & Institutions' Consumers Choice in Chains Survey seven out of the last nine years (1998 – 2000, 2002 and 2004 – 2006). †¢Pizzamarketplace. com 2006 Pizza Chain of the Year †¢Voted ‘Best Pizza' in more than 50 U. S. markets over the last several years, including in Los Angeles, Washington D. C. , Atlanta, Dallas, Indianapolis, Orlando, Knoxville and Phoenix. †¢Highest rated national pizza delivery and take-out chain in RealPeopleRatings. com, an online quarterly rating site. Tied for first as the highest rated national pizza chain in the 2007 Zagat/Today Show Fast Food Survey. †¢Silver winner of the 2006 Brandweek Customer Loyalty Award in the pizza category. †¢Named Delivery Operator of the Year among pizza chains in the United Kingdom by the Pizza and Pasta Association (2005 – 2006). CHIEF COMPE TITORS: Papa John’s top chief competitors are Domino’s, Little Caesar’s, and Pizza Hut. FINANCIAL POSITION OF COMPANY (PAST AND PRESENT): †¢Fourth quarter earnings per diluted share of $0. 49 in 2009 vs. $0. 46 in 2008 and full-year earnings per diluted share of $2. 06 in 2009 vs. $1. 30 in 2008 †¢Fourth quarter earnings per diluted share, excluding noted items, were $0. 41 in 2009 vs. $0. 8 in 2008 and full-year earnings per diluted share, excluding noted items, were $1. 50 in 2009 vs. $1. 68 in 2008 †¢Domestic system-wide comparable sales decreased 0. 5% for the quarter and were even for the year †¢International franchise system sales increased 18% for the quarter (13% excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rates) and 14% for the year (24% excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rates) †¢11 net Papa John's worldwide unit openings during the quarter and 89 net openings during the year †¢Earnings guidance for 20 10 reaffirmed at a range of $1. 70 to $1. 90 per diluted share, excluding the impact of consolidating BIBPPapa John's International, Inc. (NASDAQ: PZZA) today announced revenues of $280. 5 million for the fourth quarter of 2009, compared to revenues of $279. 6 million in 2008. Net income for the fourth quarter of 2009 was $13. 7 million, or $0. 49 per diluted share (including after-tax income of $1. 3 million, or $0. 05 per diluted share, from the consolidation of the results of the franchisee-owned cheese purchasing company, BIBP Commodities, Inc. (â€Å"BIBP†), a variable interest entity, and a gain of $1. 0 million, or $0. 03 per diluted share, from the finalization of certain income tax issues), compared to 2008 fourth quarter net income of $12. 8 million, or $0. 6 per diluted share (including after-tax income of $600,000, or $0. 02 per diluted share, from the consolidation of BIBP, a gain of $1. 2 million, or $0. 04 per diluted share, from the finalization of certain inc ome tax issues and an after-tax charge of $2. 2 million, or $0. 08 per diluted share, related to restaurant impairment and disposition losses). Consolidated revenues for 2009 were $1. 11 billion, representing a decrease of 2. 3% from revenues of $1. 13 billion for 2008. Net income for 2009 was $57. 5 million, or $2. 06 per diluted share (including after-tax income of $14. 6 million, or $0. 52 per diluted share, from the consolidation of BIBP and a gain of $1. 0 million, or $0. 4 per diluted share, from the finalization of certain income tax issues), compared to net income of $36. 8 million, or $1. 30 per diluted share, for 2008 (including a net loss of $6. 9 million, or $0. 24 per diluted share, from the consolidation of BIBP, a gain of $1. 7 million or $0. 06 per diluted share from the finalization of certain income tax issues and an after-tax charge of $5. 5 million, or $0. 20 per diluted share, related to restaurant impairment and disposition losses). FRANCHISE OPPORTUNITIES: Cur rently Papa John’s has a 2010 U. S. Development Incentive Program for franchise opportunities. This program currently offers: †¢NO FRANCHISE FEE; A REDUCED ROYALTY RATE FOR THE FIRST 12 MONTHS FOR ON-TIME RESTAURANT OPENINGS, INCLUDING A 0% ROYALTY RATE FOR RESTAURANTS OPENED BY JUNE 2010; †¢A FREE â€Å"WOW OVEN† SET (UP TO $32,000 VALUE); AND †¢A CREDIT ON FOOD PURCHASES OF UP TO $3,000. If you do not qualify for the 2010 U. S. Development Incentive Program then these are the regular franchise requirements and fees: †¢Minimum of $50,000 in cash or liquid assets; †¢Minimum net worth of $150,000; and †¢Ability to obtain financing up to $200,000. Additional franchisee qualifications and requirements include: †¢The prospective franchisee should have at least one partner with a successful business management background and one partner who qualifies as the Principal Operator. For single-unit development, an individual can apply to be both owner and Principal Operator. The Principal Operator must have prior general management experience relative to the number of units to be developed and must own or have the right to acquire at least 5% equity in the business within 12 months of hire date. †¢A fully completed Request for Consideration Form and current resume must be submitted for each member of the proposed franchise group or the owner operator, including the proposed Principal Operator. Also, Papa John's will request supporting documentation from each proposed owner. Franchise Fees †¢The initial franchise fee is $25,000 per restaurant. ** Waived for 2010 †¢An ongoing royalty fee of 5% of net sales is due on a monthly basis. * Reduced for 2010 †¢Papa John's requires that a minimum of 7% of net monthly sales be spent by each franchisee for marketing purposes*, as follows: 2. 94% on national fund; and 4. 06% on co-op and/or local marketing initiatives. Also, $9,000 must be spent on grand opening adv ertising for each of the first two restaurants. Papa John's Franchise Offering Circular includes more detailed information regarding marketing and advertising fees. FUTURE PLANS: In an effort to further enhance its pan-India presence, the US-based delivery pizza restaurant chain, Papa John's is planning to open 10 more Papa John's outlets by the end of current quarter (April-June 2010). BIBLIOGRAPHY (1)Chris Sternberg: Papa John's International, Inc. (April 29, 2010).Papa John's Names Jude Thompson Co-CEO along with Founder and Chairman John Schnatter. http://ir. papajohns. com/releasedetail. cfm? ReleaseID=464972 (2)Papa John’s International. (2010). Retrieved April 18, 2010, from http://company. papajohns. com/about/pj_story. shtm (3)Franchise opportunities. (2010). Retrieved April 13, 2010, from, http://company. papajohns. com/franchise_opps/index. shtm (4)Financial overview. (2010). Retrieved on April 18, 2010, from, http://ir. papajohns. com/ (5)Financial information. (2 010). Retrieved on April 21, 2010, from, http://ir. papajohns. com/financials. cfm (6)Stock information. (2010). Retrieved on April 12, 2010, from, http://ir. papajohns. com/stockquote. cfm

Gender Differences in Nursing

Gender Differences in Nursing Introduction For a long time, nursing has been associated with the female gender. The first nurses were women, and the trend has continued for years without substantial change.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Differences in Nursing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The profession grew from a point of care provision to a recognized profession and the roles changed. Though it has been proved that the satisfaction of the patient is not related to the gender of the nurse, still there are findings that illustrate support the argument1. This paper seeks to show why the profession has been dominated by women and why there are low men recording especially in the US and Canada. Gender differences in nursing The issue of gender in the nursing profession within Canada and the US needs to be examined. Some studies have suggested that the patient satisfaction in some instances has a very slight link with the nurse’s gender. The career patterns between male and female nurses have been very distinct before, but the two have a shared link now. Women in their career patterns are said to take up lateral moves. On the contrary, men make linear career moves. This means that a woman is likely to spend much time in one career compared to a man. For instance, a female nurse will spend much time in the nursing before training for another post. This is commonly known as the certificate gathered syndrome which mostly affects women2.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the contrary, men are taking up the linear career whereby they consider a career in which flexibility is fostered. Men are not grossly affected by the certificate gathered syndrome like women3. In the nursing context, the option for nurses to stick to the nursing career is based on many factors. The dominance of females has not b een willful, but inevitable. There are findings which suggest that female nurses have certificate gatherer syndrome. This is because the dynamics of the labor markets affect women and men differently. The study of both literal and linear career paths show that the issue of minority men in nursing is due to the structural labor markets that favor men than women. The most stated reason for the differences in the population of men and women in nursing career is the children career breaks that are experienced by both men and women. The period taken by women and men to attain nursing status is distinct4. The labor markets in the United States and Canada present a dilemma to men in relation to choosing nursing profession as a career. The nursing labor division is characterized by unqualified persons, and the payment for the unskilled has been exceedingly low. Nursing in the United States has been considered a career for the less skilled individuals. Therefore, many men than women find it hard to advance in nursing. With the minimal hopes of advancement, few men have reluctantly joined nursing. The under-representation of men in the nursing career within the US and Canada illustrates an imbalance that should be addressed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Differences in Nursing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are prevailing stereotypes about nursing. This cannot be ruled out since it has an influence on the Canadian and United States men on their choice of career. The nursing career has continuously been associated with caring and submission. Large numbers of men think that these traits are for women. In addition, the notion that joining the profession will make them look unmanly has made it hard for men to take up the nursing career5. There are notions in the United States and Canadian society’s that perceive men as strong and aggressive. The foregoing statement shows that nursing is not in conformity with the society’s expectations. In a society whereby people are used to nursing being a woman’s job, it increasingly becomes hard for a man to get the society’s approval after becoming a nurse. The said stereotypes may appear trivial, but they have played an influencing effect on the choices that men make regarding their careers. In the reasoning of many men, it is unwise to choose a career with negative perceptions whereas there are other options. Approximately, over 94 per cent of nurses in the US, as well as Canada are female6. The overwhelming perception that nurses are poorly paid has not helped in making nursing profession attractive to men. The notion is also evident in children’s understanding of the term.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They believe that a man cannot be a nurse. This is passed from one generation to another hence making men shun nursing completely. Conclusion The foregoing literature shows that the nursing profession has been widely considered as a women career. There are stereotypes that have made it hard to have men joining this profession. The stereotypes evident have continuously reduced the number of men joining the career. The Canadian and American nursing field is highly dominated by women due to the factors discussed above. The negative stereotypes need to be address if the number of men joining the career is expected to go high. Bibliography Andrews, Margaret M., and Joyceen S. Boyle.Transcultural Concepts in Nursing Care. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2008. Mackay, Lesley.Nursing a Problem Open. Milton Keynes: University Press, 1989. Radcliffe, Phillip. Gender differences in career progress in nursing: towards a non essentialist theory. Journal of Advan ced Nursing, 30, no. 3 (1996): 758-768. Spillerman, Seymour. Careers, labor market structure, and socioeconomic Achievement.American Journal of Sociology 83: (1977): 551-593. Footnotes 1Lesley Mackay,Nursing a Problem Open. (Milton Keynes: University Press, 1989), p. 15 2 Phillip Radcliffe, Gender differences in career progress in nursing: towards a non essentialist theory. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30, 3 (1996), p. 762. 3Ibid, p 765. 4Lesley Mackay,Nursing a Problem Open. (Milton Keynes: University Press, 1989), p.19 5SeymourSpillerman, Careers, labor market structure, and socioeconomicAchievement.American Journal of Sociology 83: (1977), p. 572. 6Margaret M, Andrews and Joyceen S. Boyle,Transcultural Concepts in Nursing Care. (Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2008), p. 315.

Scholarship Application Essay

Scholarship Application Essay Scholarship Application Essay There are so many scholarships worth billions of dollars that are available year after year-but to get your share of the pie you need to write a scholarship application essaythat can outdo the efforts of your competitors. Before writing a scholarship application essay, it is important for you to think through what you are going to write about and why. After deciding on a topic that you are passionate and knowledgeable about, you should give an in depth insight of it After completion of your scholarship application essay, you need to check it thoroughly for spelling and grammar mistakes A scholarship application essayshould start with an introductory paragraph that introduces the topic and spells out your thesis statement; leading in to a follow up paragraph that starts with a transition word or phrase that relates to the last sentence of the essay. Three or more body paragraphs that elaborate a point each; written in order of importance should end with a strong conclusion in the final paragraph. This should reinforce all the findings that validate your thesis statement. The scholarship application essaybody paragraphs should consist of a sentence indicating the topic, evidence that supports your thesis statement and a concluding sentence that summarizes the paragraph. The first step to write a scholarship application essayis to chalk out an outline. You can do this by jotting the main topic along with as many supporting details as you can. Use this outline to write your essay efficiently and easily. Add a personalized touch Play up your strengths by adding as many examples as you can to substantiate your claims. It is also a good idea to refer to some winning Scholarship essays before actually starting your own. Once you go through some successful scholarship essays analyze why you think they have accomplished what they have set out to do. Notice the dramatic and captivating introduction as well as the personal details that make it different to any other run of the mill essay. Go on line to get some goodscholarship application essayexamples or ask your college councilor to give you access to some winning scholarship application essays-then put on your thinking cap to see how you can use these examples as models to enhance your own scholarship application essay:http://.com/blog/scholarship-application-essay-writing Best of luck! Read also: Communism Paper Philosophy Term Biology Term Paper Sport Research Paper Research Paper Topics Free Research Papers

Detrimental Effects of Medicating Children and Alternative Ways to Essay

Detrimental Effects of Medicating Children and Alternative Ways to Treat Behavioral Problems - Essay Example Ritalin is the number one prescription drug for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This drug has such tremendous potential for abuse that it is classified as a controlled substance by the Drug Enforcement Agency. Ritalin is an amphetamine (in street jargon, "speed") with a lengthy list of side effects, including nervousness, insomnia, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dizziness, palpitations, headaches, irregular heart rhythms, and psychic dependence - in short, addiction. In fact, Ritalin's appeal to drug users and its potential for abuse are so high that US House Judiciary Chair Henry Hyde (R-IL) recently filed a request with the General Accounting Office (GAO) to conduct an investigation of Ritalin abuse in public schools. In addition, class action lawsuits have been filed in Texas, California and New Jersey charging Swiss pharmaceutical giant Novartis, maker of Ritalin, with conspiracy to create the psychiatric disorder known as ADHD in order to fuel the market for their product. The latest version of methylphenidate is an extended-released tablet that will be the most expensive prescription drug on the ADHD market. ... Though promoters of the drug say it will help eliminate the embarrassment experienced by children who have to take medication at school, the drug will do nothing to eliminate the dangers of methylphenidate. In clinical studies, side effects of Concerta were virtually identical to those of Ritalin. There are natural alternatives to both Ritalin and Concerta, but you're not likely to hear about them from most conventional doctors. And if the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has its way, you won't be able to find these products in health food stores, either. Protecting Patients or Pharmaceutical Companies Late last year, the FTC charged Natural Organics, a company that markets a natural alternative to Ritalin called Pedi-Active ADD, with making unsubstantiated claims - despite the fact that Natural Organics has submitted some 200 studies, including 18 double-blind studies, in support of its claims. According to Natural Organics CEO Gerald Kessler, the FTC has failed to produce a single study supporting its allegations. Kessler questions the FTC's motives, and I agree - it's not consumers the FTC is trying to protect, it's the profit-hungry pharmaceutical companies and their stockholders. Pedi-Active ADD is used at the Whitaker Wellness Institute and have had great success with this formulation, a combination of naturally occurring compounds that support neural function. Dimethyl-aminoethanol (DMAE), a natural compound found in anchovies and sardines, was actually used for children with ADD in the pre-Ritalin days. DMAE stimulates the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that is crucial for learning and memory, and enhances

Oil Spills Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oil Spills Crisis - Essay Example According to the Shell Company, the volume of oil spilled was about 216 tones. The oil was leaked at a distance of approximately 180 km from Aberdeen’s Scottish port. This oil slick covered an area of more than 37 sq km. The recent oil spill has done a lot to tarnish the image of the Royal Dutch Shell in the eyes of the public. The Royal Dutch Shell has conventionally remained out of the focus of campaigners. The company has traditionally maintained a desecrated reputation whether the campaigners were concerned with environmental health and safety, human rights’ violation or climatic change. â€Å"In September 1993 the TGWU (transport and general workers union) launched a nationwide boycott of Shell petrol stations due to union derecognition at their Shell haven refinery in Essex† (Corporate Watch, n.d.). The recent oil spill furthered people’s hatred for the company, and this can have serious implications upon the profitability of Shell’s business. The crisis was very damaging as oil spill exposes the marine life to numerous health hazards. Oil spill contaminate the water and reduce the content of oxygen in it that is vital to the existence and survival of the marine life. In addition to that, the contaminated water can not be used for any kind of purpose. Discussing the hazardous consequences of this massive oil spill, RSPB Scotland’s director, Stuart Housden said, â€Å"Thousands of young razorbills, puffins and guillemots are flightless and dispersing widely in the North Sea during late summer, so they could be at serious risk if contaminated by this spill† (Housden cited in Crisis Boom, 2011a). Similar oil spills have caused irrecoverable loss to the birds and marine life in the past. In the past, about 1000 crude oil barrels were leaked as a result of the rupture of pipeline of the ExxonMobil oil into the Yellowstone River. The picture given below speaks 1000 words about the same and portrays the deleteriou s effects of oil spills on the animals and birds that have marine habitat. This bird complains about the effects of BP oil spill upon its health and life. The effect of BP’s Gulf oil spill (Crisis Boom, 2011b). The company took urgent measures to stop the oil spill. â€Å"Work continues to stop the oil remaining in the flowline from leaking. We estimate the current rate of leakage is less than five barrels a day† (Crisis Boom, 2011a). In an attempt to take precautionary measures and avoid similar situations from arising in the future, Shell Company’s spokesman said that the company is managing a leak identified in the flow line which goes into the platform of the Gannet Alpha. In order to identify the sub-sea leak after a light sheen was seen, the company made use of a vehicle that is operated with remote. The spokesman further said that the company has considerably stemmed the leak and its efforts are directed at isolating it further. To reduce the risk, the co mpany has shut the seub-sea well and has also depressurized the flow line (The Guardian, 2011). These were the emasures the Royal Dutch Shell Company primarily took to improve its image in the public eye as well as to save the environment from any damage in the future. The company openly narrated its efforts. This overt expression was basically meant for the public in general and the critics in particular so that they may realize that the company

Module Procedure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Module Procedure - Essay Example It is also contempt of court for a jury member to ask for opinions and views on case from a person who is not part of the jury. However, in order to determine the facts and background information of the case in question, some jurors have gone ahead and fetched information from the internet. It is highly unlikely that the information available on the internet is reliable.1 A good percentage of the information on the internet is either exaggerated or false. Hardly do you find substantial facts on a case on the internet and it is illegal to use it for legal reasons. Basically it is the obligation of jurors to base their verdict only on the facts presented at the courtroom and not outside. It is also against the rules of a just deliberation to use the internet as a source of information to back up a case. Jury deliberation is where the jury, after a court proceeding thoughtfully, exits the courtroom to the deliberation room, listens and considers both sides of a case or a trial in order to reach a just verdict. Here, they share and exchange elements of a case that has just been presented before them with utmost fairness, analyze them and settle on a common decision. Usually, the deliberation is facilitated by a fair, strong opinionated juror.2 Basically, this is where the jury spits out their interpretation or understanding of t he case, collectively analyze and test each other’s points without biasness or bullying in order to come up with a reasonable common verdict, usually within law. The deliberation usually set the basis for any judgment that will be passed. The jury is usually not allowed to hold any external consultation to come up with a verdict. The advancement in technology and easy access to the internet has enabled jurors to obtain information on cases and parties involved with ease. Internet research by jurors is not allowed in criminal and civil trials because it has been described as a cause of the increasing cases of mistrials in the modern l aw courts. 3Judges have a responsibility of instructing jurors to avoid doing internet search on the case at hand. Despite the instructions from judges, many jurors have not refrained from using the internet in getting extra information about a case in which they are involved or the people who are involved in the case. It is also important to note that jurors are instructed to refrain from sharing case information with the public but among themselves. However, the access to social networking and electronic media has caused jurors to share with other people about cases and as a result they obtain questionable information about the case which plays a role in their perceptions about those who are being tried. The restriction that the jurors are given in the access of the internet is however limited to that period when deliberations on the case has began. The misuse of the internet by jurors has become a serious problem within the justice system.4This is illustrated by the easy with whi ch jurors can access obscure information on the individuals involved in cases through blogging or accessing information on Facebook or Twitter. These sites do not offer credible information because online community would post malicious or exaggerated information about individuals involved in case proceedings and thus make jurors to have a biased perception about a case. It has been revealed that jurors fall into the temptation of web search and which

Tools And Techniques Used In Environmental Analysis Tourism Essay

Tools And Techniques Used In Environmental Analysis Tourism Essay Environmental analysis is a very important part of decision making. Managers need to take this aspect of taking decisions very seriously. It has been proved time and time again that decisions that are made from gut feelings or instincts may not work how the manager envisioned it to work out. It is always better for analysis to be done and different scenarios to be worked out to see how a decision can work out. This reduces the risk associated with taking decisions. This process of analyzing the environment is a dynamic process not a static process. The environment in which an organization works in is divided into internal and external environment its respective factors. The following article talks about the tools and techniques which are used in analyzing the factors of the business environment. Introduction: Strategic management is also called institutional management. It is the art and science of the creation of strategies and plans, the implementation and evaluation of these strategies and plans which helps an organization to achieve its long-term objectives. In this process the organizations mission, vision and objectives are discussed and developed. After these objectives are developed, the policies, plans, with respect to projects and programs, are designed, and then resources are allocated or budgeted to implement them and achieve the objectives. (wikipedia n.d.) Strategic management consists of a set of activities that come under setting goals and over the process of putting together tactics to achieve these goals and objectives. How strategic management is carried out depends on the organizational structure of the company. The Board of Directors, the management team as well as other stake holders of the company can be involved in these activities that fall under strategic management. Strategy can be defined as unified, comprehensive and integrated plan that maps the strategic advantages of the organization to the challenges of the environment. It is designed to ensure that the core objectives of the enterprise are achieved through the proper execution by the organization. (Jauch and Glueck 1988) Formulating a strategy for achieving an objective or a set of objectives is a combines three main processes which are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ By analyzing the situation, evaluating themselves and comparing themselves with their competitors i.e. internal and external as well as micro-environmental and macro-environmental. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ After this assessment, the objectives are determined. These objectives should be created with respect to a time-line; where some are short-term and others are long-term objectives. This involves creating a vision statement, a mission statement, setting corporate level, strategic business unit level and tactical level objectives. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ These objectives should be studied along with the results of the situation analysis and a strategic plan can be formulated which will provide details of how to achieve these objectives. Environmental analysis begins from the identification of environmental factors (internal and external), assessing their nature and the impact of these factors and making various profiles for positioning of the firm. All the decisions taken by the organization and the impact of these decisions depend on the organizations internal and external environmental factors. These environmental factors should be carefully analyzed before taking any decisions. Environmental analysis is made up of the processes which scan, monitor, analyze, and forecasts the situations which the organization can face and variables of the environment. Scanning is done to get information from the environment. Monitoring is done to test the impact of the environmental factors. Analyzing deals with data collection and the use of tools and techniques to study and measure the environmental factors. Forecasting is a method to find the possibilities of the future based on the historical data and present scenario. (Busine ss Environment Analysis n.d.) Different tools, methods, and techniques are used for environmental analysis. Some of the major methods of analysis are benchmarking, scenario building and network methods. Scenario building gives an overall picture of the total system with the factors which affect it. Benchmarking is the process of finding the best standards in an industry and comparing the strengths and weaknesses of the firm with these identified standards. The network method is used to assess organizational systems and its external environment to find the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by an organization. (Agarwal n.d.) Few of the techniques of primary information collection are brainstorming, the Delphi technique, conducting surveys, and historical enquiry. The Delphi technique collects independent information from the experts without mixing them. Brainstorming is done with a group of people usually cross-functional which discuss the problem in hand and try to come up with solutions irres pective of whether the solution is feasible or not. Conducting a survey first involves the design of questions and then asking these questions to people who become the participants. The historical enquiry technique is a case analysis of previous time periods. Analysis tools can be descriptive tools such as mean, median, mode, frequency or tools can be statistical such as ANOVA, correlation, regression, factor, cluster, and multiple regression analysis. (BADU 2002) SWOT analysis: Figure 2.1 A study of the internal and the external environment is a critical component of the strategic planning process. The firms internal environmental factors can be classified as strengths (S) or weaknesses (W), and those factors which act as external agents to the firm can be classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). This is called SWOT analysis. (QuickMBA n.d.). This analysis gives information that is useful in matching the organizations resources and abilities to the environment in which it operates. 2.1 The SWOT Matrix: A matrix of these factors can be constructed. This matrix will be helpful in developing the strategies for the firm. The SWOT matrix (also known as a TOWS Matrix) is shown in the next page: SWOT / TOWS Matrix Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities S-O strategies W-O strategies Threats S-T strategies W-T strategies Table 2.1 S -O strategies helps to pursue identified opportunities fit well according to strengths of the firm. W-O strategies helps to overcome weaknesses to pursue opportunities identified. S-T strategies identifies ways in which the firm can use its strengths to reduce its vulnerability to external threats. W -T strategies establishes plans to overcome the firms weaknesses and less vunerable to external threats. Environmental analysis or external audit: The organizations should adapt themselves and their strategy to the external environment which is constantly changing. The external environment is also called macro environment. These forces of the external environment cannot be controlled and can be analyzed using a variety of tools and techniques such as Environmental Scanning and PEST analysis. 3.1 Environmental Scanning Environmental scanning is defined as the process that seeks information about events and relationships in a firms environment, the knowledge of which help top management chart the firms future. Environmental scanning is used to gather information from the environment. In this process, the external environment is divided into sectors or areas such as political, economic, cultural, technological and further analysis such as PEST analysis can be done after scanning the environment. Information is collected by monitoring and forecasting any changes that occur to the variables of the environment that have been identified earlier. This collection of information helps the organizations to find out where they are lacking and what exactly they need which helps them in formulating the strategies. (Acar 1995) 3.2 PEST Analysis PEST analysis identifies the external forces that affect the organization such as Political, Economic, Social and Technological drivers. It is very useful for the organization when used together with other tools such as the SWOT analysis. (wikipedia n.d.) Political Factors These factors may have a direct or an indirect impact on the way the organization operates. Laws made by the government may have a huge impact on the way business is conducted by the organization. Economic Factors Economic factors such as the market prices and market cycles which in turn affects the buying power and the behavior of the organizations customers. Sociological Factors Sociological factors include the lifestyles, demography characteristics, and the cultural habits and characteristics of the customers. These factors have a huge sway on the requirements and desires of the customers and also affects the size of potential markets. Technology Factors Technological changes have an important role in modeling how organizations operate with the resources that they have. Technology is a factor which is very important to gain a competitive advantage over the closest competition. Technological innovations can also improve the efficiency of production, speed and quality. Evolving technologies will change how organizations operate. 3.3 Porters Five Forces Model Analysis: Michael Porter is credited for his five forces model of competitive strategy. The power of each of these forces varies from industry to industry, but taken together they determine long-term profitability. These five factors will affect the strategies which will be adopted by the organization and hence should be carefully analyzed. To be successful, the organization must respond in an effective manner to the environmental pressures exerted on it. (Kazmi 2002) The diagram given on the next page shows the five forces of this model. C:UsershaiDesktopPorter.GIF Figure 3.1 Internal environmental analysis: The resources, strengths, behaviors, weakness and distinctive competences are major components of the internal environment of an organization. An organization uses different types of resources which help them achieve their objectives and the way in which they utilize their resources can be the source of their strengths or weaknesses. This can also be defined as organizational capability which is used to develop the strategies and objectives which the organization can achieve and these should not unrealistic according to its capabilities. Some of the components of the internal environment of an organization are: 4.1 Organizational Resources These are all the tangible and intangible inputs used in the organization to create the outputs of the organizations product or services. 4.2 Organizational Behavior The behavior of an organization demonstrates is the result of forces operating internally which will determine the abilities of the organization or constraints in the usage of resources. 4.3 Competency Competency of an organization is the ability to do what its competitors cannot do or the ability to do better than what they can do. This concept is used for strategy formulation. Conclusion: It can be seen that the analysis of the environment is critical to the success of the decisions that managers have to make which have widespread impact on the functions and processes of the business.